How DHCP work

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DHCP

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol is a network management protocol that is use to dynamically assign the IP address and other information to each host on the network so that they can communicate efficiently. DHCP automates and centrally manages the assignment of IP address easing the work of network administrator

DHCP Server: It is typically a server or a router that holds the network configuration information. Port number UDP 67

 

DHCP Client: It is the endpoint, which gets the configuration information from the server like any computer or mobile. Port number UDP 68

 

DHCP Relay Agent: If you have only one DHCP Server for multiple LAN’s then the DHCP relay agent present in every network will forward the DHCP request to the servers. This because the DHCP packets cannot travel across the router

 

IP address pool: It contains the list of IP address, which are available for assignment to the client.

 

Subnet Mask: It tells the host that in which network it is currently present.

 

Gateway Address: The gateway address lets the host know where the gateway is to connect to the internet.

 

 

DHCP work by the DORA process. Here, D for Discover, O for Offer, R for Request, A for Acknowledgement



DHCP Discovery: The DHCP client broadcast messages to discover the DHCP servers. The client computer sends a packet with the default broadcast destination of 255.255.255.255

DHCP Offer: When the DHCP server receives the DHCP Discover message then it offers an IP address (form IP address pool) to the client by sending a DHCP offer message to the client.

DHCP Request: In most cases, the client can receive multiple DHCP offer because in a network there are many DHCP servers. If the IP addressing of one server fails then other servers can provide backup. But, the client will accept only one DHCP offer

DHCP Acknowledgment: The server then sends Acknowledgment to the client confirming the DHCP lease to the client

 

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